{"id":1659,"date":"2019-12-02T12:28:36","date_gmt":"2019-12-02T12:28:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cukurpartners.com\/?p=1659"},"modified":"2019-12-02T12:28:36","modified_gmt":"2019-12-02T12:28:36","slug":"karsiliksiz-cek-keside-etme-sucu-ve-sikayet-hakkina-sahip-olan-kisiler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/karsiliksiz-cek-keside-etme-sucu-ve-sikayet-hakkina-sahip-olan-kisiler\/","title":{"rendered":"KAR\u015eILIKSIZ \u00c7EK KE\u015e\u0130DE ETME SU\u00c7U VE \u015e\u0130KAYET HAKKINA SAH\u0130P OLAN K\u0130\u015e\u0130LER"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u00d6ZET<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>6273 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7ek Kanunu\u2019nda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklik sonucu, \u00e7ekle ilgili olarak kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015flemine sebebiyet verilmesi su\u00e7 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p, idari yapt\u0131r\u0131ma tabi tutulmu\u015ftur. Ancak bu yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n \u00e7ek hamillerinin korunmas\u0131nda yetersiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle, 6728 say\u0131l\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131m Ortam\u0131n\u0131n \u0130yile\u015ftirilmesi Amac\u0131yla Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun ile 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7ek Kanunu\u2019nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131larak, \u00e7eklerde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015flemine sebebiyet verilmesi yeniden su\u00e7 olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda, \u00c7ek Kanunu\u2019nda yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenleme ile g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00f6deme arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lan \u00e7eke ili\u015fkin g\u00fcveni artt\u0131rmak ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00e7ek kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla \u00e7ek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilgili banka hesab\u0131nda bulundurmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olan ki\u015filer hakk\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve son yapt\u0131r\u0131m sistemi olarak kabul edilen, \u00e7ek d\u00fczenleme ve \u00e7ek hesab\u0131 a\u00e7ma yasa\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirilmeler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A\u00c7IKLAMALAR<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c7ekin hamil taraf\u0131ndan kanuni s\u00fcreler i\u00e7inde bankaya ibraz edilmesi halinde \u00e7eki d\u00fczenleyen ki\u015finin hesab\u0131nda \u00e7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunuyor ise, banka taraf\u0131ndan hamile \u00f6deme yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak \u00e7eki d\u00fczenleyen ki\u015finin hesab\u0131nda \u00e7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na yetecek bir bakiye bulunmuyor ise, Banka taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ekin \u00f6n veya arka y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z oldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin, bir ka\u015fe vurulur ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalan miktar \u00e7ekin \u00fczerine yaz\u0131l\u0131r. Banka taraf\u0131ndan vurulan kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z ka\u015fesinde yer almas\u0131 gerekli olan hususlar \u00e7ekin yetkili hamil taraf\u0131ndan bankaya ibraz edildi\u011fi tarih, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalan miktar ve \u00e7eki ibraz eden yetkili hamilin ad\u0131, soyad\u0131 ile imzas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu unsurlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z ka\u015fesinde yer almas\u0131 zorunludur. \u00c7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z oldu\u011funun tespit edildi\u011fi durumlarda hamil kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00e7ek ile ilgili yasal yollara ba\u015fvurabilir.<\/p>\n<p>5941 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7ek Kanunu\u2019nun \u201c\u00c7ek D\u00fczenleme ve \u00c7ek hesab\u0131 a\u00e7ma yasa\u011f\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 5. Maddesi\u2019nin 1. F\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re; \u201c\u00dczerinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 bulunan d\u00fczenleme tarihine g\u00f6re kanuni ibraz s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde ibraz\u0131nda, \u00e7ekle ilgili kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131na sebebiyet veren ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda hamilin \u015fikayeti \u00fczerine her bir \u00e7ekle ilgili olarak bin be\u015f y\u00fcz g\u00fcne kadar adli para cezas\u0131na h\u00fckmolunur.\u201d Bu h\u00fckme g\u00f6re, \u00e7ekle ilgili kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131na sebebiyet verme su\u00e7unun olu\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle usul\u00fcne uygun d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f bir \u00e7ek mevcut olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir senedin \u00e7ek say\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in gerekli olan unsurlar T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu madde 781\u2019de d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00e7ek, \u00fczerinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 d\u00fczenleme tarihine g\u00f6re yasal ibraz s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde Muhatap Bankaya ibraz edilmelidir. \u00c7ekin kanunda belirtilen ibraz s\u00fcreleri, \u00e7ekin d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi yer ile \u00f6deme yerinin ayn\u0131 olmas\u0131 halinde 10 g\u00fcn, farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131 halinde ise 30 g\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u00d6nemle belirtmemiz gerekir ki, \u015fikayete konu edilen \u00e7ekin \u00f6n veya arka y\u00fcz\u00fcnde \u201ckar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r\u201d ibaresinin bulunmamas\u0131 veya kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z ka\u015fesinde \u00e7ekin yetkili hamil taraf\u0131ndan bankaya ibraz edildi\u011fi tarih, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalan miktar ve \u00e7eki ibraz eden yetkili hamilin ad\u0131, soyad\u0131 ile imzas\u0131n\u0131n yer almamas\u0131 durumunda su\u00e7un temel unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131na sebebiyet verme su\u00e7u \u015fikayete tabi olup; \u015fikayet hakk\u0131, ki\u015fiye s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 ve devredilemez bir hak olmas\u0131 sebebiyle yaln\u0131zca \u00e7eki bankaya ibraz eden yetkili hamile tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hamil, \u00e7eki usul\u00fcne uygun olarak en son devralan ve elinde bulunduran kimsedir. Son de\u011fi\u015fiklikler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z d\u00fczenlenen bir \u00e7ekten dolay\u0131 zarar g\u00f6rse dahi ciranta, aval ve muhatap \u015fikayet kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurma hakk\u0131na sahip de\u011fildir. Nitekim, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00e7ek ile ilgili olarak \u015fikayet kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurma hakk\u0131n\u0131n sadece \u00e7eki bankaya ibraz eden yetkili hamile tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu hususunu tekrar ve \u00f6nemle vurgulamak isteriz.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eikayet s\u00fcresi, \u00e7ekin yetkili hamil taraf\u0131ndan bankaya ibraz edildi\u011fi tarihten itibaren 3 ayd\u0131r ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00e7eki d\u00fczenleyen ki\u015finin \u00e7ek bedelini hamile \u00f6demesi durumunda, yap\u0131lan \u00f6demenin yarg\u0131laman\u0131n devam etti\u011fi Mahkemeye bildirilmesine m\u00fcteakip \u015fikayet d\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Hamilin \u015fikayetinin kanuna uygun olmas\u0131 halinde, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131na sebebiyet verme su\u00e7unun faili, \u00e7ek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 banka hesab\u0131nda bulundurmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olan ki\u015fi yani \u00e7ek sahibidir. \u00c7ek sahibi ger\u00e7ek ya da t\u00fczel ki\u015fi olabilir. \u00c7ek sahibinin t\u00fczel ki\u015fi olmas\u0131 durumunda, mali i\u015fleri y\u00f6netmekle g\u00f6revli y\u00f6netim organ\u0131 \u00fcyesi ya da y\u00f6netim organ\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fi \u00e7ek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bankada bulundurmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7ek Kanunu madde 5\u2019e g\u00f6re, \u00e7ekle ilgili kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131na sebebiyet veren ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda bin be\u015f y\u00fcz g\u00fcne kadar adli para cezas\u0131na h\u00fckmolunur. Bu hususta g\u00f6revli mahkeme icra ceza mahkemeleri, yetkili mahkeme ise \u00e7ek hesab\u0131 sahibinin yahut \u015fikayet\u00e7inin yerle\u015fim yeri mahkemesi ile \u00e7ekin bankaya ibraz edildi\u011fi veya \u00e7ek hesab\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 banka \u015fubesinin bulundu\u011fu yer mahkemesidir. Ayr\u0131ca karar\u0131 veren Mahkeme, s\u00f6z konusu ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ek d\u00fczenleme ve \u00e7ek hesab\u0131 a\u00e7ma yasa\u011f\u0131na h\u00fckmeder. Yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda Mahkeme resen koruma tedbiri olarak \u00e7ek d\u00fczenleme ve \u00e7ek hesab\u0131 a\u00e7ma yasa\u011f\u0131na h\u00fckmedebilir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7ek d\u00fczenleme ve \u00e7ek hesab\u0131 a\u00e7ma yasa\u011f\u0131, \u00e7ek hesab\u0131 sahibi ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015fi ad\u0131na \u00e7ek ke\u015fide edenler hakk\u0131nda uygulan\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00e7ekin bir sermaye \u015firketi ad\u0131na d\u00fczenlenmesi durumunda y\u00f6netim organ\u0131 ile ticaret siciline tescil edilen \u015firket yetkilileri hakk\u0131nda da uygulanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Haklar\u0131nda \u00e7ek d\u00fczenleme ve \u00e7ek hesab\u0131 a\u00e7ma yasa\u011f\u0131na h\u00fckmedilen kimseler, s\u00f6z konusu yasa\u011f\u0131n devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcre boyunca sermaye \u015firketlerinin y\u00f6netim organlar\u0131nda g\u00f6rev alamazlar fakat mevcut organ \u00fcyelikleri devam eder. Bu ki\u015filer kendilerinde bulunan t\u00fcm \u00e7ek yapraklar\u0131n\u0131 ait olduklar\u0131 bankalara iade etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olup, bu ki\u015filer ad\u0131na yeni bir \u00e7ek hesab\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7ek, hamili taraf\u0131ndan kanuni ibraz s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde bankaya ibraz edildi\u011finde, \u00e7ek ke\u015fidecisi s\u00f6z konusu bedeli elinde olmayan bir sebeple ve herhangi bir kusuru bulunmaks\u0131z\u0131n bankada haz\u0131r edemez ise, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00e7ek d\u00fczenleme su\u00e7unun olu\u015fmayaca\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, \u00e7ek ke\u015fidecisi \u00e7ekin elinden r\u0131zas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek, \u00e7ek hesab\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu muhatap bankaya \u00f6demeden men talimat\u0131 verebilir. Ancak bu durum tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u00e7ek ke\u015fidecisinin cezai sorumlulu\u011funu ortadan kald\u0131rmaz. Cezai sorumlulu\u011fun ortadan kalkmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ke\u015fidecinin, \u00e7ekin bankaya ibraz edildi\u011fi tarihte \u00e7ek bedelini banka hesab\u0131nda bulundurdu\u011funu ve kanuni ibraz s\u00fcresinden \u00f6nce a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu menfi tespit veya iptal davas\u0131n\u0131n lehine sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Sonu\u00e7 olarak, \u00fclkemizde yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan ve g\u00fcvenilir bir kambiyo senedi vasf\u0131na sahip olan \u00e7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 sorunu hem ge\u00e7mi\u015fte hem de g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan, \u00f6nemli bir meseledir. Bu meselenin \u00e7ekin ticari hayattaki yeri ve adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak, en h\u0131zl\u0131 \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>6273 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7ek Kanunu\u2019nda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklik sonucu, \u00e7ekle ilgili olarak kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015flemine sebebiyet verilmesi su\u00e7 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p, idari yapt\u0131r\u0131ma tabi tutulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42,43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1659","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sirketler-ve-ticaret-hukuku","category-yasal-mevzuata-uyum"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1659"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1659"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1659\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1659"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1659"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1659"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}