\u00d6zet: T\u00fcrk \u0130\u015f Hukuku\u2019nda \u201czorlay\u0131c\u0131 neden\u201d ve \u201czorunlu neden\u201d kavramlar\u0131 zaman zaman birbirleri yerine kullan\u0131lan ancak birbirleriyle tam olarak ayn\u0131 anlama gelmeyen kavramlard\u0131r. Nitekim zorunlu nedenler, zorlay\u0131c\u0131 nedenler ve umulmayan halleri de kapsayan ve bunlar\u0131n kapsam\u0131na girmeyen bir tak\u0131m olay veya olgular\u0131 da i\u00e7ermekte olup, daha \u00fcst bir kavramd\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda zorlay\u0131c\u0131 neden ve zorunlu neden kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.\u00a0<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n
4857 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nda zorlay\u0131c\u0131 neden sonucunda i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin ifas\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek olas\u0131 etkiler hakk\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok madde yer almakla beraber zorlay\u0131c\u0131 neden kavram\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131na yer verilmemi\u015ftir. Bununla birlikte, K\u0131sa \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve K\u0131sa \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6dene\u011fi Hakk\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmelik\u2019te zorlay\u0131c\u0131 neden, \u201c<\/span>i\u015fverenin kendi sevk ve idaresinden kaynaklanmayan, \u00f6nceden kestirilemeyen, bunun sonucu olarak bertaraf edilmesine imk\u00e2n bulunmayan, ge\u00e7ici olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 veya faaliyetin tamamen veya k\u0131smen durdurulmas\u0131 ile sonu\u00e7lanan d\u0131\u015fsal etkilerden kaynaklanan d\u00f6nemsel durumlar\u0131 ya da deprem, yang\u0131n, su bask\u0131n\u0131, heyelan, salg\u0131n hastal\u0131k, seferberlik gibi durumlar\u201d <\/span><\/i>olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00d6ncelikle belirtmek isteriz ki, \u201c<\/span>zorlay\u0131c\u0131 neden<\/span><\/i>\u201d kavram\u0131, \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 24\/1-III ve 25\/1-III maddelerinde yer almaktad\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu maddelerde zorlay\u0131c\u0131 nedenin i\u015f\u00e7iden veya i\u015fverenden kaynaklanabilece\u011fi yer almakta olup, i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fyerinde bir haftadan fazla s\u00fcre ile i\u015fin durmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirecek zorlay\u0131c\u0131 sebepler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 halinde <\/span>i\u015f\u00e7i<\/span><\/i>; i\u015f\u00e7iyi i\u015fyerinde bir haftadan fazla s\u00fcre ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktan al\u0131koyan zorlay\u0131c\u0131 bir sebebin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 halinde ise <\/span>i\u015fveren<\/span><\/i> i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini hakl\u0131 nedenle feshedebilece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n Yine \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 40. maddesinde, Kanunun 24 ve 25\u2019inci maddelerin (III) numaral\u0131 bentlerinde g\u00f6sterilen zorlay\u0131c\u0131 sebepler dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015famayan veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmayan i\u015f\u00e7iye bu bekleme s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde bir haftaya kadar her g\u00fcn i\u00e7in yar\u0131m \u00fccret \u00f6denece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Buna ek olarak, \u0130\u015f Kanunu m. 46\/5 uyar\u0131nca ise zorlay\u0131c\u0131 sebeplerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmayan g\u00fcnler i\u00e7in i\u015f\u00e7ilere \u00f6denen yar\u0131m \u00fccretin hafta tatili g\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7in de \u00f6denece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 55\/1-d bendine g\u00f6re, i\u015f\u00e7inin y\u0131ll\u0131k izin hesab\u0131nda, zorlay\u0131c\u0131 sebepler y\u00fcz\u00fcnden i\u015fin aral\u0131ks\u0131z bir haftadan \u00e7ok tatil edilmesi sonucu \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmadan ge\u00e7irilen zaman\u0131n on be\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n Di\u011fer yandan \u201c<\/span>zorunlu neden<\/span><\/i>\u201d ise, \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 42\/I ve 64\/I maddelerinde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun \u201c Zorunlu Nedenle Fazla \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 42. maddesinde, \u201c<\/span>gerek bir ar\u0131za s\u0131ras\u0131nda, gerek bir ar\u0131zan\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi halinde yahut makineler veya ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7 i\u00e7in hemen yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekli acele i\u015flerde yahut zorlay\u0131c\u0131 sebeplerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda, i\u015fyerinin normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak dereceyi a\u015fmamak ko\u015fulu ile i\u015f\u00e7ilerin hepsi veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131na fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapt\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fi<\/span><\/i>\u201d d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bu maddeden hareketle, doktrinde i\u015fverenin iradesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda meydana gelen ve i\u015fyerinde normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrelerinden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde az \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na veya faaliyetin durmas\u0131na neden olan beklenmedik her olay\u0131n zorunlu neden kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilebilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan zorunlu neden kavram\u0131, i\u015fverenin faaliyetinin veya i\u015fletmesinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki veya i\u00e7indeki irade d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir sebepten meydana gelen ve birdenbire ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan, i\u015fletmenin mutad faaliyetini aksatan ola\u011fand\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir durum(olgu) olarak tan\u0131mlanabilecektir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 64. maddesinde ise, \u201c<\/span>Zorunlu nedenlerle i\u015fin durmas\u0131, ulusal bayram ve genel tatillerden \u00f6nce veya sonra i\u015fyerinin tatil edilmesi veya benzer nedenlerle i\u015fyerinde normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrelerinin \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 veya tamamen tatil edilmesi ya da i\u015f\u00e7inin talebi ile kendisine izin verilmesi hallerinde, i\u015fveren d\u00f6rt ay i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmayan s\u00fcreler i\u00e7in telafi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yapt\u0131rabilir.\u00a0<\/span><\/i> Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 bu s\u00fcreyi iki kat\u0131na kadar art\u0131rmaya yetkilidir.\u201d Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma veya fazla s\u00fcrelerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma say\u0131lmaz<\/span><\/i>.\u201d \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Bahse konu yasal d\u00fczenlemelerden hareketle, genel Hukuk kurallar\u0131n\u0131n aksine \u0130\u015f Hukuku\u2019nda zorlay\u0131c\u0131 nedenin i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini kendili\u011finden sona erdirmedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle, bir i\u015fyerinde zorlay\u0131c\u0131 neden niteli\u011finde bir olay meydana geldi\u011fi takdirde i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi derhal sona ermemekte, farkl\u0131 hukuki sonu\u00e7lar do\u011fmakta, zorlay\u0131c\u0131 neden dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ge\u00e7ici bir ifa imkans\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olmu\u015fsa, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri ask\u0131ya al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte zorlay\u0131c\u0131 nedeni te\u015fkil eden olay s\u00fcrekli bir ifa imkans\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sebep olduysa i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin feshini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan bir neden olarak nitelendirilecektir. Yine \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 42. maddesinden hareketle, bir ar\u0131zan\u0131n, bir ar\u0131zan\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fclmesinin, makineler veya ara\u00e7-gere\u00e7 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken acele i\u015flerin ve nihayet zorlay\u0131c\u0131 nedenlerin zorunlu bir neden te\u015fkil edece\u011finden yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lacak olur ise, zorunlu neden kavram\u0131n\u0131n gerek zorlay\u0131c\u0131 neden gerek umulmayan hal kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u00d6zet: T\u00fcrk \u0130\u015f Hukuku\u2019nda \u201czorlay\u0131c\u0131 neden\u201d ve \u201czorunlu neden\u201d kavramlar\u0131 zaman zaman birbirleri yerine kullan\u0131lan ancak birbirleriyle tam olarak ayn\u0131 anlama gelmeyen kavramlard\u0131r. Nitekim zorunlu nedenler, zorlay\u0131c\u0131 nedenler ve umulmayan halleri de kapsayan ve bunlar\u0131n kapsam\u0131na girmeyen bir tak\u0131m olay veya olgular\u0131 da i\u00e7ermekte olup, daha \u00fcst bir kavramd\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda zorlay\u0131c\u0131 neden ve zorunlu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2047","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-insan-kaynaklari-ve-is-hukuku"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2047"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2047"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2047\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2048,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2047\/revisions\/2048"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2047"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2047"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2047"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}