{"id":6441,"date":"2022-02-17T14:38:36","date_gmt":"2022-02-17T14:38:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cukurpartners.com\/is-whistleblowing-considered-freedom-of-thought-and-expression-or-is-it-behavior-against-the-employees-duty-of-loyalty\/"},"modified":"2022-02-17T14:42:00","modified_gmt":"2022-02-17T14:42:00","slug":"whistleblowing-dusunce-ve-ifade-ozgurlugu-kapsaminda-midir-yoksa-calisanin-sadakat-yukumlulugune-aykiri-bir-davranisi-midir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/whistleblowing-dusunce-ve-ifade-ozgurlugu-kapsaminda-midir-yoksa-calisanin-sadakat-yukumlulugune-aykiri-bir-davranisi-midir\/","title":{"rendered":"WHISTLEBLOWING D\u00dc\u015e\u00dcNCE VE \u0130FADE \u00d6ZG\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011e\u00dc KAPSAMINDA MIDIR YOKSA \u00c7ALI\u015eANIN SADAKAT Y\u00dcK\u00dcML\u00dcL\u00dc\u011e\u00dcNE AYKIRI B\u0130R DAVRANI\u015eI MIDIR ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"p1\">Son d\u00f6nemde bas\u0131nda geni\u015f yer bulan \u00fcnl\u00fc if\u015faalar ve hatta bu if\u015faalar\u0131n filmlere konu olmas\u0131 ile s\u0131kl\u0131kla g\u00fcndeme gelen \u201cwhistleblowing\u201d, \u201cwhistleblowerprotect\u201d kavramlar\u0131 g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e daha da \u00e7ok \u00f6nem kazanmaktad\u0131r. Whistleblowing halinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n i\u015fverenine olan sadakat borcu ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelmesi bizi hangi hakk\u0131n bir di\u011ferine \u00fcst\u00fcn oldu\u011funu tart\u0131\u015fmak durumunda b\u0131rakmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda yak\u0131n gelecekte mevzuat\u0131m\u0131za da dahil olaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u201cwhistleblowing\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131 ve i\u015f ili\u015fkisine etkisini k\u0131saca incelemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Whistleblowing genel anlamda, \u00f6zel ve kamu kurumlar\u0131nda g\u00f6rev alan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n, i\u015fyerlerindeki suiistimal, yolsuzluk ve kanun d\u0131\u015f\u0131 uygulamalar gibi olumsuz durumlar\u0131 ve hatal\u0131 i\u015flemleri, i\u015fyeri i\u00e7indeki yetkili organlara, kamu kurumlar\u0131na, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere ve hatta bas\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131klama, \u015fikayet ya da ihbar yolu ile bildirmesi olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. Bu do\u011frultuda whistleblowing eylemini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u201cwhistleblower\u201d, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ise \u201cwhistleblowerprotection\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u201cWhistleblowing\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131n doktrinde \u201cif\u015fa etme\u201d , \u201chaber u\u00e7urma\u201d, \u201csorun bildirme\u201d veya \u201cbilgi u\u00e7urma\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmekteyiz. Biz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda \u201cif\u015fa eden\u201d , \u201cif\u015fa\u201d ve \u201cif\u015fa edenin korunmas\u0131\u201d kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n if\u015fas\u0131na konu olabilecek hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131klar, yolsuzluk, r\u00fc\u015fvet gibi konusu su\u00e7 te\u015fkil eden i\u015flem ve eylemler olabilece\u011fi gibi, nispeten daha hafif ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131klar olarak kabul edilebilecek i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi kurallar\u0131na, sosyal g\u00fcvenlik hukukuna ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131klar da olabilir. \u0130f\u015fa eden, bulundu\u011fu \u00f6rg\u00fctte tespit etti\u011fi olumsuzlu\u011fu bireylere ve \u00f6rg\u00fcte zarar vermemesi amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct i\u00e7i ve\/veya \u00f6rg\u00fct d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fka ki\u015fi ve\/veya organizasyonlara bildirmektedir. Ancak yap\u0131lan bu if\u015fan\u0131n \u201csadakat\u201d y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u015fekilde \u0130\u015fverene ait gizli bilgilerin if\u015fas\u0131, ihbarc\u0131l\u0131k veya ispiyonculuk gibi de\u011ferlendirilme ihtimali mevcuttur ve bu durum \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n if\u015fa edenin ne zaman hukuki korumadan yararlanaca\u011f\u0131na dair bir \u00e7izgi \u00e7ekmeyi gerekli k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kanaatimizce hukuka uygun bir if\u015fa i\u00e7in if\u015fa edenin kendi ki\u015fisel menfaati yerine bulundu\u011fu \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn, bireylerin ve kamunun menfaatini \u00f6n planda tutmas\u0131 ve elbette if\u015fa edilen bilginin do\u011fru olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Di\u011fer yandan, if\u015fa etmesinde ki\u015fisel bir d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131kla hareket etmemesi, bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle ki\u015fisel bir ajandas\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Ancak bu halde ortada hukuka uygun bir i\u015flem bulundu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmelidir ve if\u015fa eden gerek \u00f6zel olarak getirilecek d\u00fczenlemeler ve gerekse d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde korunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Di\u011fer taraftan, T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu 278. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen su\u00e7u ihbar etmeme su\u00e7u kapsam\u0131nda i\u015flenmekte olan bir su\u00e7u yetkili makamlara bildirmeyen ki\u015fi cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile eylem su\u00e7 te\u015fkil eden nitelikte ise bu eylemi ilgili makamlara bildirmenin yasal bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nda d\u00fczenleme alan\u0131 bulan \u201c\u00d6zen Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 396.maddesinde, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n y\u00fcklendi\u011fi i\u015fi \u00f6zenle yapmak ve i\u015fverenin hakl\u0131 menfaatinin korunmas\u0131nda sadakatle davranmak zorunda oldu\u011fu, i\u015f g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131rada \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi, \u00f6zellikle \u00fcretim ve <i>i\u015f s\u0131rlar\u0131<\/i> gibi bilgileri, hizmet ili\u015fkisinin devam\u0131 s\u00fcresince kendi yarar\u0131na kullanmamas\u0131 veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131klamamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015fse de, bu noktada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n hizmet ili\u015fkisinin sona ermesinden sonra da s\u0131r saklamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u201c<i>\u0130\u015fverenin hakl\u0131 menfaatinin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli oldu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde<\/i>\u201d s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fct i\u00e7inde bir vesileyle \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi, maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 veyahut tespit etti\u011fi bir olumsuzlu\u011fu if\u015fa etmesi halinde ortada \u0130\u015fverenin hakl\u0131 menfaati bulundu\u011fundan bahsedilememesi gerekmektedir. Nitekim Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda da vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fc, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin taraflar\u0131na s\u00f6zle\u015fme ili\u015fkisinden do\u011fan bor\u00e7lar\u0131n ifas\u0131nda, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n \u015fahs\u0131na, m\u00fclkiyetine ve hukuken korunan di\u011fer varl\u0131klar\u0131na zarar vermeme, keza s\u00f6zle\u015fme ili\u015fkisinin kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile g\u00fcd\u00fclen amac\u0131 tehlikeye sokacak \u00f6zellikle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 duyulan g\u00fcveni sarsacak her t\u00fcrl\u00fc davran\u0131\u015ftan ka\u00e7\u0131nma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc y\u00fcklemekteyse de, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini ihlal edip etmedi\u011finin tespitinde, sadece asli edim y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri de\u011fil; kanundan veya d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131ndan do\u011fan yan edim y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri ile yan y\u00fck\u00fcmlerin de dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n if\u015fa eylemi ile d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahsedilemeyecek ve kamu yarar\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcn tutulacakt\u0131r.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Hen\u00fcz mevzuat\u0131m\u0131zda if\u015fa edenin korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00f6zel olarak getirilen d\u00fczenlemeler mevcut de\u011filse de, konu ile nispeten ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak kabul edilebilecek baz\u0131 yasal d\u00fczenlemeler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bunlardan en \u00e7ok \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun \u201cFeshin ge\u00e7erli sebebe dayand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 18.maddesinin 3\/c maddesidir. Bahse konu yasal d\u00fczenlemede \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n <i>\u201cMevzuattan veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan haklar\u0131n\u0131 takip veya y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini yerine getirmek i\u00e7in i\u015fveren aleyhine idari veya adli makamlara ba\u015fvurmas\u0131 veya bu hususta ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrece kat\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d<\/i> durumlar\u0131n\u0131n<i> <\/i>\u0130\u015fverenin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n i\u015f akdi feshi i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli sebep te\u015fkil etmeyece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Her ne kadar bu madde ile, if\u015fa edenin adli veya idari makamlara ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 veya bu konuda ba\u015flat\u0131lacak s\u00fcre\u00e7lere dahil olmas\u0131 halinde i\u015f akdi feshinin koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilecekse de, if\u015fa edenin adli veya idari makam olarak kabul edilemeyecek \u00f6rg\u00fct i\u00e7i kurumlar, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filer, belki de bas\u0131n kurulu\u015flar\u0131na ba\u015fvurmas\u0131 halinde i\u015f akdinin koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemeyecektir. <span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Bir di\u011fer yasal d\u00fczenleme ise, 6331 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Kanunu\u2019nun 8.maddesinin 2.f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu d\u00fczenlemeye g\u00f6re, \u0130\u015fyeri Hekimi ve \u0130\u015f G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Uzman\u0131n\u0131n, i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ile ilgili eksiklik ve aksakl\u0131klar\u0131, tedbir ve tavsiyeleri i\u015fverene yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak bildirmesi, bildirilen eksiklik ve aksakl\u0131klar\u0131n acil durdurmay\u0131 gerektirmesi veya yang\u0131n, patlama, g\u00f6\u00e7me, kimyasal s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 ve benzeri acil ve hayati tehlike arz etmesi, meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na sebep olabilecek ortamlar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan gerekli tedbirlerin \u0130\u015fverence al\u0131nmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, bu durumun \u0130\u015fyeri Hekimi veya \u0130\u015f G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Uzman\u0131nca, Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yetkili birimine, varsa yetkili sendika temsilcisine, yoksa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan temsilcisine bildirmesi gerekti\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 maddede bahse konu bildirimden dolay\u0131 \u0130\u015fyeri Hekimi veya \u0130\u015f G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Uzman\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine son verilemeyece\u011fi ve hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde hak kayb\u0131na u\u011frat\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Aksi takdirde i\u015fveren hakk\u0131nda bir y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00fccreti tutar\u0131ndan az olmamak \u00fczere tazminata h\u00fckmedilecektir. Esasen bu d\u00fczenlemenin tam bir if\u015fa edenin korunmas\u0131 d\u00fczenlemesi oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilecekse de, sadece \u0130\u015fyeri Hekimi ve \u0130\u015f G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n kapsamda olmas\u0131 if\u015fa edenin korunmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kapsaml\u0131 bir yasal d\u00fczenlemeye ihtiya\u00e7 duyuldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Sonu\u00e7 olarak, if\u015fa eden esasen, bulundu\u011fu \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn i\u00e7indeki olumsuzlu\u011fu ilgili kurum ve kurulu\u015flara duyurarak yeri geldi\u011finde \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn tamam\u0131n\u0131, y\u00f6neticileri ve belki de di\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na almakta ve \u00f6rg\u00fct i\u00e7inde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te ve sonras\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli olumsuzluklar ya\u015famay\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00f6ze almaktad\u0131r. Hatta bu durumda if\u015fa eden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde mobbing olarak kabul edilecek sistematik bask\u0131 ve ayr\u0131mc\u0131 uygulamalara belki de d\u0131\u015flanmaya maruz kalmas\u0131, i\u015f akdinin feshedilmesi ve hatta nispeten kamunun ilgisini \u00e7ekebilecek olaylarda if\u015fa edenin ve yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n toplumun bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnce damgalanmas\u0131 olas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenlerle, \u015feffaf ve etik de\u011ferlerin \u00f6n planda oldu\u011fu kurumsal de\u011ferlerin desteklenmesi ad\u0131na, if\u015fa eden i\u015f\u00e7inin belirli ko\u015fullar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halinde hukuki g\u00fcvencelerden yararland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik d\u00fczenlemelerin yak\u0131n zamanda mevzuat\u0131m\u0131za dahil edilmesini beklemekteyiz.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><b>Av. Ay\u00e7a KORTEL<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Son d\u00f6nemde bas\u0131nda geni\u015f yer bulan \u00fcnl\u00fc if\u015faalar ve hatta bu if\u015faalar\u0131n filmlere konu olmas\u0131 ile s\u0131kl\u0131kla g\u00fcndeme gelen \u201cwhistleblowing\u201d, \u201cwhistleblowerprotect\u201d kavramlar\u0131 g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e daha da \u00e7ok \u00f6nem kazanmaktad\u0131r. Whistleblowing halinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n i\u015fverenine olan sadakat borcu ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelmesi bizi hangi hakk\u0131n bir di\u011ferine \u00fcst\u00fcn oldu\u011funu tart\u0131\u015fmak durumunda b\u0131rakmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda yak\u0131n gelecekte mevzuat\u0131m\u0131za [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6441","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-insan-kaynaklari-ve-is-hukuku","category-yasal-mevzuata-uyum"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6441"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6441"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6441\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6443,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6441\/revisions\/6443"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6441"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6441"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6441"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}