{"id":6483,"date":"2022-03-03T14:35:21","date_gmt":"2022-03-03T14:35:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cukurpartners.com\/hub-and-spoke-cartels-in-competition-law\/"},"modified":"2022-03-03T14:36:29","modified_gmt":"2022-03-03T14:36:29","slug":"rekabet-hukukunda-topla-dagit-kartellerinin-yeri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/rekabet-hukukunda-topla-dagit-kartellerinin-yeri\/","title":{"rendered":"REKABET HUKUKUNDA TOPLA-DA\u011eIT KARTELLER\u0130N\u0130N YER\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>G\u0130R\u0130\u015e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rekabet Hukukunda nispeten yeni bir kavram olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmakta olan Topla-Da\u011f\u0131t Kartellerine ili\u015fkin olarak Rekabet Kurulu\u2019nun (\u201c<\/span><b>Kurul<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d) yak\u0131n zamanda vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu kararlar\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli te\u015febb\u00fcslerin \u201cKartelle\u015fme\u201d faaliyetlerine y\u00f6nelik bir tak\u0131m \u00f6nemli noktalara parmak bas\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda \u00f6ncelikle Kurul Kararlar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Rekabet Hukukumuzda Topla-Da\u011f\u0131t Kartellerinin yeri incelenecektir ve buna \u00f6rnek te\u015fkil edebilecek baz\u0131 kararlar \u00fczerinde ayr\u0131ca durulacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6ncelikle genel olarak kartelin ne oldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin bir tan\u0131m yapmak gerekirse; Rekabeti S\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 Anla\u015fma, Uyumlu Eylem ve Kararlar ile Hakim Durumun K\u00f6t\u00fcye Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 Halinde Verilecek Para Cezalar\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Y\u00f6netmelikte kartel; fiyat tespiti, m\u00fc\u015fterilerin, sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n, b\u00f6lgelerin ya da ticaret kanallar\u0131n\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, arz miktar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 veya kotalar konmas\u0131, ihalelerde dan\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 hareket konular\u0131nda, rakipler aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, rekabeti s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 anla\u015fma ve\/veya uyumlu eylemleri olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Topla-Da\u011f\u0131t Kartelin ne oldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin olarak 4054 Say\u0131l\u0131 Rekabetin Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019da (\u201c<\/span><b>Kanun<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d) bir tan\u0131m yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r fakat Kurul\u2019un vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu kararlar neticesinde ve Yatay \u0130\u015f birli\u011fi Anla\u015fmalar\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda K\u0131lavuz (\u201c<\/span><b>K\u0131lavuz<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d) kapsam\u0131nda k\u0131saca te\u015febb\u00fcsler aras\u0131 bilgi de\u011fi\u015fiminin yaratm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bir rekabet hukuku ihlali oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu genel tan\u0131m \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Topla-Da\u011f\u0131t Kartellerinin tam olarak ne oldu\u011fu daha net olarak anla\u015f\u0131labilecektir. Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere, pazarlarda bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn hammadde halinden t\u00fcketiciye sunulmas\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131na gelene dek bir tedarik zinciri yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 mevcuttur. Bu tedarik zincirini olu\u015fturan \u00e7e\u015fitli akt\u00f6rlerin belli ba\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131 tedarik\u00e7i, perakendeci ve t\u00fcketiciler olarak say\u0131labilmektedir. Bu tedarik zincirindeki akt\u00f6rler aras\u0131nda dikey ve yatay yollu olarak etkile\u015fim kurulmaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda tedarik\u00e7i ile perakendeci aras\u0131nda dikey yollu bir etkile\u015fim kurulurken ayn\u0131 pazarda mevcut iki rakip perakendeci aras\u0131nda yatay yollu bir etkile\u015fim kurulmaktad\u0131r. Bu etkile\u015fim esnas\u0131ndaki her bilgi al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi kartelle\u015fme suretiyle Rekabet Hukuku ihlali olarak de\u011ferlendirilmemekle birlikte Topla-Da\u011f\u0131t Kartelin olu\u015ftu\u011fu sonucuna varabilmek i\u00e7in g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulan baz\u0131 kriterler vard\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Topla-Da\u011f\u0131t Kartellerin niteli\u011fi gere\u011fi yatay d\u00fczlemde, rakipler aras\u0131nda fiyat birli\u011fi olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanan bir uyumlu eylem s\u00f6z konusu olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede ayn\u0131 pazarda, yatay d\u00fczlemde faaliyet g\u00f6steren rakipler dikey d\u00fczlemde faaliyet g\u00f6stermekte olan bir akt\u00f6r\u00fcn arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile birbirlerinin rekabeti etkileyen hassas bilgileri konusunda (sat\u0131\u015f fiyat\u0131n\u0131n tespit edilmesi, fiyat art\u0131\u015f oranlar\u0131 ya da fiyat de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi tarihlerinin koordinasyonu, d\u00f6nemsel indirimlerin ne zaman ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi) bilgi al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi halinde olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Dikey d\u00fczlemde bilgi al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fini sa\u011flayan taraf tedarik\u00e7i olabilece\u011fi gibi zincirin tamamen d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi de olabilecektir. Bu halde bilgi al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi \u00fczerinden sa\u011flanmas\u0131 durumunda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015finin de yapt\u0131r\u0131ma maruz kalmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilecektir. \u00d6zetle, Topla-Da\u011f\u0131t Kartellerin olu\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in gerekli olan kriterleri belli ba\u015fl\u0131klar alt\u0131nda toparlamak gerekirse;<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bilgi Payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n Yatay D\u00fczlemdeki Rakipler Aras\u0131nda ve Dikey Akt\u00f6r\u00fcn Arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor Olmas\u0131,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Payla\u015f\u0131lan Bilginin Rekabeti Etkiler \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcde Hassas Bilgi Kapsam\u0131nda Olmas\u0131,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sat\u0131\u015f Fiyat\u0131n\u0131n Belirlenmesine \u0130li\u015fkin Olarak Bilin\u00e7li ve Birden \u00c7ok Defa Yap\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gerekmektedir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>TOPLA-DA\u011eIT KARTELLERE \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130N KURUL KARARI\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><b>COVID-19 Salg\u0131n\u0131 S\u00fcrecinde, Perakende G\u0131da ve Temizlik \u00dcr\u00fcnleri Ticareti ile \u0130\u015ftigal Eden Zincir Marketler ile Bunlar\u0131n Tedarik\u00e7ileri Konumunda Olan \u00dcretici ve Toptanc\u0131 Seviyesindeki Te\u015febb\u00fcslerin Fiyatlama Davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ncelenmesi\u2019ne \u0130li\u015fkin Karar (\u201cKarar\u201d)<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kurul\u2019un be\u015f perakendeci te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn kendi aralar\u0131nda kartelle\u015fmek suretiyle \u201cdo\u011frudan veya ortak tedarik\u00e7iler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla dolayl\u0131 temaslar yoluyla sat\u0131\u015f fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n ve fiyat art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n koordinasyonunun sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131\u201d ile Kanun\u2019un 41. Maddesi gere\u011fi re\u2019sen ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu soru\u015fturma neticesinde 28.10.2021 tarihinde vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu Karar\u0131nda\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Y\u00fcksek fiyat art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespit edildi\u011fi rapor kapsam\u0131nda incelenen 33 \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n, 1 Mart 2020 tarihinde uygulanmakta olan, sat\u0131n alma fiyat\u0131\/\u00fcretim maliyeti ve benzeri objektif kriterlerle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 fiyatland\u0131rma politikalar\u0131 ile tam uyumlu olarak, k\u0131sa karar bildirimini takiben derhal makul seviyeye \u00e7ekilmesi ve Kurum\u2019a tevsik edilmesi,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Soru\u015fturma s\u00fcreci tamamlanana kadar, g\u0131da ve temizlik \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde yap\u0131lacak fiyat art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda Kurumun belirleyece\u011fi kapsam, format ve periyotta Kurumun bilgilendirilmesi,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u0131sa karar\u0131n bildiriminden itibaren h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda indirim, kampanya ve promosyonlar\u0131n duyurulduklar\u0131 mecralarda yap\u0131lan fiyat art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n da duyurulmas\u0131,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Marketler ile tedarik\u00e7iler aras\u0131ndaki s\u00f6zle\u015fmesel ili\u015fkilerde adil olmayan ticari ko\u015fullar\u0131n olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespitine y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ad\u0131na ve raporda yer alan bulgular\u0131n \u00f6zellikle g\u0131da tedarik zinciriyle ilgili politika yans\u0131malar\u0131 olabilece\u011finden hareketle Rapor\u2019un Kurum g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclerek Ticaret Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u0131da, Tar\u0131m ve Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ge\u00e7ici tedbir karar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kurul\u2019un ilgili Karar\u2019\u0131nda i\u015faret etmi\u015f oldu\u011fu, topla-da\u011f\u0131t kartellerin niteliklerine haiz olan ve rakipler aras\u0131nda fiyatlar\u0131n veya miktarlar\u0131n tespiti, m\u00fc\u015fterilerin ya da b\u00f6lgelerin payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, ihalelerde dan\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 hareket edilmesi gibi konularda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen rekabeti k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 anla\u015fma veya uyumlu eylemleri kapsayan ihlal hakk\u0131nda son zamanlarda \u00f6rne\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ceza verilmi\u015f olup bu cezaya ili\u015fkin olarak Ankara \u0130dare Mahkemelerinde yarg\u0131 yolu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<strong>Fatmanur Ay\u0131\u015f\u0131k<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>G\u0130R\u0130\u015e Rekabet Hukukunda nispeten yeni bir kavram olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmakta olan Topla-Da\u011f\u0131t Kartellerine ili\u015fkin olarak Rekabet Kurulu\u2019nun (\u201cKurul\u201d) yak\u0131n zamanda vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu kararlar\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli te\u015febb\u00fcslerin \u201cKartelle\u015fme\u201d faaliyetlerine y\u00f6nelik bir tak\u0131m \u00f6nemli noktalara parmak bas\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda \u00f6ncelikle Kurul Kararlar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Rekabet Hukukumuzda Topla-Da\u011f\u0131t Kartellerinin yeri incelenecektir ve buna \u00f6rnek te\u015fkil edebilecek baz\u0131 kararlar \u00fczerinde [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42,43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6483","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sirketler-ve-ticaret-hukuku","category-yasal-mevzuata-uyum"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6483"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6483"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6483\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6484,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6483\/revisions\/6484"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6483"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6483"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6483"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}