{"id":6494,"date":"2022-03-03T14:42:06","date_gmt":"2022-03-03T14:42:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cukurpartners.com\/examination-of-the-concept-of-domination-in-the-group-of-companies\/"},"modified":"2022-03-03T14:43:41","modified_gmt":"2022-03-03T14:43:41","slug":"sirketler-toplulugunda-hakimiyet-kavraminin-incelenmesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/sirketler-toplulugunda-hakimiyet-kavraminin-incelenmesi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u015e\u0130RKETLER TOPLULU\u011eUNDA HAK\u0130M\u0130YET KAVRAMININ \u0130NCELENMES\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u015eirketler Toplulu\u011fu kavram\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu uyar\u0131nca d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir, h\u00e2kim \u015firket ile ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015firketler t\u00fczel ki\u015filikleri ayr\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen belirli \u015fartlar ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finde \u015firketler toplulu\u011fu olarak kabul edilir. Bir \u015firketin di\u011fer \u015firket \u00fczerinde hakimiyet kurdu\u011fundan bahsedebilmek i\u00e7in mevzuat uyar\u0131nca belirli kriterler olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Bir \u015firket do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 olarak di\u011fer \u015firketin oy haklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funa sahipse, \u015firketin y\u00f6netim organ\u0131nda karar al\u0131nabilecek \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu olu\u015fturan say\u0131da y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyesini se\u00e7me hakk\u0131na haiz ise veya bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye dayan\u0131larak oy haklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funa sahip olmas\u0131 hakimiyet ili\u015fkisinin kuruldu\u011funa karine te\u015fkil etmektedir. Say\u0131lan hallerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmamakla beraber uygulamada ba\u015fka yollarla da \u015firketlerin di\u011fer \u015firketler \u00fczerinde hakimiyet ili\u015fkisini kurdu\u011fu g\u00f6zlemlenmektedir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00e2kim \u015firket ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015firket ili\u015fkisinin olu\u015fmas\u0131 taraflar\u0131n \u015firketler toplulu\u011fu rejimine tabi olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirecektir. Bu durumun avantaj ve dezavantajlar\u0131 bulundu\u011fu gibi taraflar\u0131n olu\u015fturulan ekonomik ve hukuki b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u00e7erisinde ortak menfaatler do\u011frultusunda karar almas\u0131 ve ge\u00e7erli politikalar\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi \u00f6nem te\u015fkil etmektedir. \u015eirketler hukukuna g\u00f6re b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck te\u015fkil eden bu yap\u0131lar\u0131n hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak i\u015flem ve faaliyet g\u00f6stermesi \u015firket pay sahiplerine ve alacakl\u0131lara tazminat ve dava hakk\u0131 tan\u0131maktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca belirtmek gerekir ki bu yap\u0131lar hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 taktirde pay sahiplerine \u00f6nemli kredi ve vergi avantajlar\u0131 da sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u00e2kim \u015eirket\u2019in Hak ve Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri:\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

H\u00e2kim \u015firketin en \u00f6nemli hukuki hakk\u0131 hakimiyet yetkisine sahip olmas\u0131d\u0131r, ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015firketin y\u00f6netiminde n\u00fcfuz hakk\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131 sebebiyle \u015firkete emir ve talimatlar y\u00f6nlendirmektedir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Rapor Verme Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc:<\/b> H\u00e2kim \u015firketin di\u011fer pay sahiplerine ve y\u00f6netim kuruluna olan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinden ilki bilgi ve rapor verme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr. Yap\u0131lan i\u015flemler, ticari, hukuki ili\u015fkiler ve sonu\u00e7 ve etkiler hakk\u0131nda objektif, \u00f6zen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6zetilerek, d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na uygun olarak rapor verilmelidir. Belirtmek gerekir ki, \u015firketin her y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyesi ve ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015firketlerden hesap verme ilkesine uygun bir rapor talep etme hakk\u0131na haizdir. Temin edinen bilgi ve raporlar h\u00e2kim \u015firket taraf\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filer lehine de kullan\u0131lamaz.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u00e2kim \u015eirketin Ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015eirkete Hukuka Ayk\u0131r\u0131 Olarak Talimat ve Y\u00f6nlendirme Vermemesi: <\/b>Medeni Kanun madde 2 uyar\u0131nca H\u00e2kim \u015firket, haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131rken ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 yerine getirirken d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na uymak zorundad\u0131r. Hakk\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131, kanun ve ahlak kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 talimatlar verilmemesi gerekmektedir. Bu durum yaz\u0131n\u0131n geri kalan\u0131nda detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kaleme al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015eirketin Hak ve Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri:\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015eirketin di\u011fer pay sahibi ortaklara ve alacakl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri bulunmaktad\u0131r. H\u00e2kim \u015eirkete kar\u015f\u0131 olan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri; a\u00e7\u0131k ve d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck prensiplerine uygun bir \u015fekilde rapor verme, h\u00e2kim \u015firketin verdi\u011fi talimatlara uyma ve uygun hareket etme, h\u00e2kim \u015firket ve payda\u015flar\u0131 zarara u\u011fratmama gibi \u00f6rneklendirilebilir. Ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015firket, pay sahibi ve alacakl\u0131lar\u0131n a\u00e7abilecekleri sorumluluk davalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmlere tabiidir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015firketlerin haklar\u0131 incelenecek olursa, hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 i\u015flem ve talimatlara uymama hakk\u0131, hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 talimatlar verilmesi halinde denkle\u015ftirme talep etme hakk\u0131, hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir i\u015flemin direktif olarak verilmesi durumunda h\u00e2kim \u015firket ile s\u00f6zle\u015fme imzalama ve h\u00e2kim \u015firkete kar\u015f\u0131 bir r\u00fccu hakk\u0131 elde etme gibi haklar\u0131 mevcuttur. Son olarak Ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015eirket Payda\u015flar\u0131 riskin saptanmas\u0131, hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmesi ve maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fe ula\u015fmak amac\u0131yla denet\u00e7i talep etme yetkisi bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Hakimiyetin Hukuka Ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u015eekilde Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131:<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu uyar\u0131nca h\u00e2kim \u015firketin ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015firketleri kayba u\u011fratacak \u015fekilde hakimiyetini kullanmas\u0131 hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Kanun koyucu bu durumlar\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde \u00f6rneklemi\u015ftir;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

1)<\/span> Ba\u011fl\u0131 ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n di\u011fer bir ortakl\u0131\u011fa i\u015f, varl\u0131k, fon, personel alacak ve bor\u00e7 devretmesi<\/span><\/p>\n

2)<\/span> Ba\u011fl\u0131 ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kar\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131c\u0131 veya ba\u015fkas\u0131na aktar\u0131c\u0131 i\u015flemler yapmak\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

3)<\/span> Ba\u011fl\u0131 ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kefalet ve garanti vermesi, bor\u00e7 y\u00fcklenmesi gibi sorumluluklar y\u00fcklenmesi<\/span><\/p>\n

4)<\/span> Ba\u011fl\u0131 ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hakl\u0131 bir sebebi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n tesis kapatmas\u0131, yenilememesi, yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131 veya verimlili\u011fi azaltan ve faaliyet alan\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz etkileyen kararlar al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n

Eklemek gerekir ki, malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir eksilme olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015firketin bir olanaktan yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 da hakimiyetin hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na ispat te\u015fkil edece\u011fi a\u015fik\u00e2rd\u0131r. Ancak olu\u015fan kay\u0131plar\u0131n faaliyet y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7inde telafi edilmesi, denkle\u015ftirilmesi s\u00f6z konusu ise hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k ortadan kalkacakt\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Hukuka Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Durumunda Ba\u015fvurulacak Talep ve Davalar:<\/b><\/p>\n

H\u00e2kim \u015firketin, hakimiyeti hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u015fekilde kullanmas\u0131 sonucunda, denkle\u015ftirilme ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmezse, h\u00e2kim \u015firket ve sorumlu y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyeleri aleyhine a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki hukuki prosed\u00fcrlere ba\u015fvurulabilir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

1)<\/span> Ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015firketin pay sahipleri taraf\u0131ndan alternatif \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcml\u00fc tazminat davas\u0131,\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

2)<\/span> Ba\u011fl\u0131 ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n alacakl\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tazminat davas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

3)<\/span> Denkle\u015ftirmenin yetersizli\u011fi ve uygunsuzlu\u011fu davas\u0131,\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

4)<\/span> Kayba sebebiyet veren genel kurul karar\u0131n\u0131n butlan\u0131 veya iptali davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131labilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca hakimiyet ili\u015fkinin hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra oy g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn h\u00e2kim \u015firket taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131larak ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015firketin genel kurul veya y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fczerinde karar almas\u0131na sebebiyet vermesi sonucunda ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015firket ortaklar\u0131n\u0131n pay sahipleri zarar g\u00f6rmektedir. H\u00e2kim \u015firketin h\u00e2kli bir sebebi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda, oy g\u00fcc\u00fc ile bask\u0131 kurulmas\u0131 ortakl\u0131k yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi, ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n feshi, esas s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye veya \u015firket finansal yap\u0131s\u0131nda yap\u0131lan k\u00f6kl\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fiklikler sonucunda ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015firket ortaklar\u0131 ciddi zararlarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmaktad\u0131r. Bu kararlara kar\u015f\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilen hukuki prosed\u00fcrlere ba\u015fvurulabilir:<\/span><\/p>\n

1)<\/span> Tazminat davas\u0131,\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

2)<\/span> Davac\u0131n\u0131n paylar\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 davas\u0131,\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

3)<\/span> Genel kurul karar\u0131n\u0131n butlan\u0131n\u0131n tespiti veya karar\u0131n iptali davas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

4)<\/span> Y\u00f6netim kurulu karar\u0131n\u0131n butlan\u0131n\u0131n tespiti davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131labilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Ya\u011f\u0131z \u00d6ztim<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u015eirketler Toplulu\u011fu kavram\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu uyar\u0131nca d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir, h\u00e2kim \u015firket ile ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015firketler t\u00fczel ki\u015filikleri ayr\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen belirli \u015fartlar ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finde \u015firketler toplulu\u011fu olarak kabul edilir. Bir \u015firketin di\u011fer \u015firket \u00fczerinde hakimiyet kurdu\u011fundan bahsedebilmek i\u00e7in mevzuat uyar\u0131nca belirli kriterler olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Bir \u015firket do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 olarak di\u011fer \u015firketin oy haklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funa sahipse, \u015firketin y\u00f6netim organ\u0131nda […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6494","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sirketler-ve-ticaret-hukuku"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6494"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6494"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6494\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6496,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6494\/revisions\/6496"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6494"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6494"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6494"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}