{"id":7019,"date":"2022-09-20T08:03:15","date_gmt":"2022-09-20T08:03:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cukurpartners.com\/?p=7019"},"modified":"2022-09-22T10:34:32","modified_gmt":"2022-09-22T10:34:32","slug":"calisanin-savunmasinin-istenilmesinde-usul","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/calisanin-savunmasinin-istenilmesinde-usul\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7ALI\u015eANIN SAVUNMASININ \u0130STEN\u0130LMES\u0130NDE USUL"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Giri\u015f<\/strong><br \/>\nZaman zaman i\u015fyerlerinde, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan-\u00e7al\u0131\u015fan aras\u0131nda veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan-i\u015fveren aras\u0131nda ihtilafl\u0131 durumlar veya i\u015fyeri i\u015fleyi\u015fi\/d\u00fczenine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131klar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilmektedir. Bu gibi durumlarda i\u015fverenler, olay\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturabilmek ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme ula\u015ft\u0131rabilmek gayesiyle hareket eder ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 savunmas\u0131n\u0131n talep edilmesi s\u00f6z konusu olabilir. Al\u0131nan bu savunma sonras\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u00e7in kanundan\/s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden\/toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden kaynaklanan ihtar, \u00fccret kesimi, hatta fesih gibi baz\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar g\u00fcndeme gelebilmektedir. B\u00f6yle bir durum meydana geldi\u011finde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n savunmas\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131nda mevzuata ve yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131na riayet edilmeli, bunlara uyulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 taktirde olas\u0131 bir yarg\u0131laman\u0131n sonucunun de\u011fi\u015febilece\u011fi unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Nitekim konu hakk\u0131ndaki yarg\u0131 i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 incelendi\u011finde de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fandan savunma al\u0131nmas\u0131ndaki usule uyulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespiti halinde, yarg\u0131laman\u0131n i\u015fveren aleyhine sonu\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Yasal Gerek\u00e7e<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0130\u015f Kanunu \u00e7er\u00e7evesindeki ve i\u015f g\u00fcvencesi kapsam\u0131na dahil i\u015f ili\u015fkilerinde, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan feshedilmesi durumunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 koruyan d\u00fczenlemelerden biri olan m.19\u2019da \u201cHakk\u0131ndaki iddialara kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131n\u0131 almadan bir i\u015f\u00e7inin belirsiz s\u00fcreli is\u0327 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, o i\u015f\u00e7inin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya verimi ile ilgili nedenlerle feshedilemez. Ancak, i\u015fverenin 25 inci maddenin (II) numaral\u0131 bendi \u015fartlar\u0131na uygun fesih hakk\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, temelini 158 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130LO s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 7. maddesindeki \u201cI\u0307s\u0327verenden makul o\u0308lc\u0327\u00fclere g\u00f6re beklenemeyecek haller hari\u00e7\u0327, hakk\u0131ndaki iddialara kar\u015f\u0131 savunma f\u0131rsat\u0131 verilmeden bir i\u015f\u00e7inin hizmet ili\u015fkisi, o i\u015f\u00e7inin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve performans\u0131 ile ilgili nedenlerle sona erdirilemez.\u201d d\u00fczenlemesinden almaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015f Kanunu m. 18 de g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda, is\u0327 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin belirsiz olmas\u0131 kayd\u0131yla, otuz ve daha fazla i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran i\u015fyerlerinde alt\u0131 aydan fazla k\u0131demi olan i\u015f\u00e7inin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve verimlili\u011fine ilis\u0327kin sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 fesihlerde i\u015f\u00e7inin savunmas\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Savunma \u0130stenmesinde Usul<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 19. maddesinde yer verilen savunma alma zorunlulu\u011fu, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f\u0131na ve is\u0327 veriminde g\u00f6zlenen performans d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne bag\u0306l\u0131 hallerde s\u00f6z konusudur. Di\u011fer bir taraftan \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 25\/2. maddesinde yer verilen ahlak ve iyiniyet kurallar\u0131na uymayan hakl\u0131 nedenler \u00f6zellikle belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bunun sebebi 25\/2. maddede yer verilen sebeplerin temeli itibariyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n ki\u015fili\u011fine bag\u0306l\u0131 sebepler olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen savunma al\u0131nmas\u0131 mecburiyeti kapsam\u0131nda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmektir. Belirtmeliyiz ki, Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n 19.10.2018 tarihli \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131 incelendi\u011finde; 4857 say\u0131l\u0131 I\u0307s\u0327 Kanunu\u2019nun sistemati\u011fi ve i\u015fbu karar nazara al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan I\u0307s\u0327 Kanununun 25. maddesinde yer verilen sag\u0306l\u0131k sebepleri, ahlak ve iyiniyet kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 haller, zorunlu sebepler ve de bildirim s\u00fcresini a\u015fan g\u00f6zalt\u0131 ve tutukluluk hallerine dayal\u0131 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek fesih s\u00fcrecinde i\u015f\u00e7inin savunmas\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu anlat\u0131lanlara ek olarak, kanun koyucu i\u015fletme gerekleri nedeniyle fesihte ise savunma al\u0131nmas\u0131na gerek duymam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu t\u00fcr bir fesihte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n savunmas\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n fesih iradesi \u00fczerinde bir etkisi olamayaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilmektedir.<br \/>\n-Ayr\u0131ca i\u015f hukukunda i\u015fverenlere belirli ko\u015fullar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halinde disiplin cezas\u0131 verme yetkisi tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olup \u00fccret kesme cezas\u0131 uygulanmadan \u00f6nce \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n savunmas\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nma zorunlulu\u011fu bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmemi\u015ftir. Fakat i\u015f hukukunda disiplin cezas\u0131 uygulanmadan \u00f6nce kural olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n savunmas\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu bulunmamakla birlikte Yarg\u0131 i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, i\u015f akdi veya i\u00e7 y\u00f6netmelikte disiplin cezas\u0131 uygulanmadan \u00f6nce \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana savunma hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fsa bu zorunlulu\u011fa uyulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir (Bknz. Yarg\u0131tay Karar\u0131 &#8211; 9. HD., E. 2016\/9320 K. 2016\/8463 T. 5.4.2016). Ek olarak belirtmeliyiz ki; i\u015fverene savunma alma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, sadece i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin feshinden \u00f6nce y\u00fcklenmektedir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fana ihtar verilirken ise, kural olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n savunmas\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 sebebiyle ihtar verilirken, savunmas\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmamas\u0131 ihtar\u0131 ge\u00e7ersiz k\u0131lmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>-\u00d6te yandan s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin feshi g\u00fcndeme geldi\u011finde, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n savunmas\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken fesih hallerinde savunma mutlaka s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin feshinden \u00f6nce talep edilmelidir. Bu sebeptendir ki; fesih bildirimiyle birlikte veya fesihten sonra \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n savunmas\u0131 al\u0131nmas\u0131 ya da ihbar \u00f6nel s\u00fcresi i\u00e7erisinde savunma al\u0131nmas\u0131 feshin ge\u00e7ersiz olmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furur.<br \/>\n-\u0130\u015f\u00e7i fesihten \u00f6nce savunma vermeye davet edilmeli, davet yaz\u0131s\u0131nda davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 sebebiyle i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karma sebebi a\u00e7\u0131k ve kesin bir \u015fekilde belirtilmeli, makul bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nceden belirtilen yer, g\u00fcn ve saatte haz\u0131r bulunmas\u0131, bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir savunma verebilece\u011finin; bildirilen yerde belirtilen g\u00fcn ve saatte haz\u0131r bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve de buna ra\u011fmen yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir savunma vermedi\u011fi takdirde savunma vermekten vazge\u00e7mi\u015f say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kendisine hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r.<br \/>\n-Savunma, savunmaya konu olan olay\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenilmesinden sonra makul bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde istenmelidir.<br \/>\nUygulamada ise i\u015fverenlerin, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n uzun s\u00fcre \u00f6nceki bir fiiline dayanarak savunmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etti\u011fi ve bu vas\u0131tayla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n baz\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlara tabi tuttu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte olup, bu durum olas\u0131 bir yarg\u0131lamada i\u015fveren aleyhine yorumlanacakt\u0131r.<br \/>\n-Ayr\u0131ca \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n savunma vermekten imtina etmesi durumunda ise, savunma talebinin alt\u0131na bu duruma dair bir not d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclerek veya bir tutanak d\u00fczenlenerek bu durumun tercihen \u015fahitler huzurunda kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Savunman\u0131n \u015eekli<\/strong><br \/>\n\u00c7al\u0131\u015fandan al\u0131nacak savunman\u0131n \u015fekli ve y\u00f6ntemi konusunda 4857 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da ve ilgili di\u011fer mevzuatlarda herhangi bir yasal d\u00fczenleme mevcut de\u011fildir. Ancak, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fandan savunma al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u015fverene ait olaca\u011f\u0131ndan savunman\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ispat kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \u0130\u015fverence \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n savunmas\u0131 talep edilmesi tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli olmay\u0131p, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n savunmas\u0131n\u0131 sunmas\u0131 ve varsa konu ile ilgili delillerini ibraz edebilmesi i\u00e7in makul bir s\u00fcre verilmesi gereklidir. Bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n savunma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmamas\u0131 halinde ise savunma hakk\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7mi\u015f say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ekin Kocaman<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Giri\u015f Zaman zaman i\u015fyerlerinde, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan-\u00e7al\u0131\u015fan aras\u0131nda veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan-i\u015fveren aras\u0131nda ihtilafl\u0131 durumlar veya i\u015fyeri i\u015fleyi\u015fi\/d\u00fczenine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131klar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilmektedir. Bu gibi durumlarda i\u015fverenler, olay\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturabilmek ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme ula\u015ft\u0131rabilmek gayesiyle hareket eder ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 savunmas\u0131n\u0131n talep edilmesi s\u00f6z konusu olabilir. Al\u0131nan bu savunma sonras\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u00e7in kanundan\/s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden\/toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden kaynaklanan ihtar, \u00fccret kesimi, hatta fesih gibi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7019","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-insan-kaynaklari-ve-is-hukuku"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7019"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7019"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7019\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7024,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7019\/revisions\/7024"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7019"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7019"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7019"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}