{"id":7735,"date":"2023-02-02T11:23:09","date_gmt":"2023-02-02T11:23:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cukurpartners.com\/what-is-unfair-competition-in-turkish-law-and-what-are-the-legal-consequences\/"},"modified":"2023-02-02T11:24:13","modified_gmt":"2023-02-02T11:24:13","slug":"turk-hukukunda-haksiz-rekabet-nedir-ve-hukuki-sonuclari-nelerdir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/turk-hukukunda-haksiz-rekabet-nedir-ve-hukuki-sonuclari-nelerdir\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00dcRK HUKUKUNDA \u201cHAKSIZ REKABET\u201d NED\u0130R VE HUKUK\u0130 SONU\u00c7LARI NELERD\u0130R?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ticaret hayat\u0131nda birbirine rakip durumda olan tacirler aras\u0131ndaki veya piyasaya mal &amp; hizmet tedarik edenlerle m\u00fc\u015fteriler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri etkileyen aldat\u0131c\u0131 veya d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar ile ticari uygulamalar T\u00fcrk hukukunda \u201chaks\u0131z rekabet\u201d olarak nitelendirilmekte ve T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu (\u201cTTK\u201d) uyar\u0131nca hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tacirlerin \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde kamuoyuna kendi mallar\u0131, hizmetleri, faaliyetleri ya da rakiplerinin faaliyetleri hakk\u0131nda aldat\u0131c\u0131 bilgi sunmalar\u0131, rakiplerini iyi niyet kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u015fekilde k\u00f6t\u00fcleyerek onlarla rekabet etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, rakiplerinin marka ya da \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini taklit etmek, rakiplerin ad ya da unvanlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak, rakiplerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan veya m\u00fc\u015fterilerini ayartmak gibi yollara ba\u015fvurmalar\u0131, haks\u0131z rekabet olarak de\u011ferlendirilmekte ve kanunla yasaklanmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kanun koyucu yaln\u0131zca \u00f6rnek olmas\u0131 ad\u0131na kanunda baz\u0131 durumlar\u0131 haks\u0131z rekabet olu\u015fturan haller olarak ifade etmekte olsa da, maddede ge\u00e7en fiillerden ba\u015fka hallerin de haks\u0131z rekabet te\u015fkil etmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Kanunda \u00f6rnek olarak say\u0131lan haks\u0131z rekabet hallerinden ticari hayatta en \u00e7ok rastlananlar\u0131 ise \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>D\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 reklamlar ve sat\u0131\u015f y\u00f6ntemleri ile di\u011fer hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar<\/b><b>\u00a0ve \u00f6zellikle;<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 veya onlar\u0131n mallar\u0131n\u0131, i\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini, fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131, faaliyetlerini veya ticari i\u015flerini yanl\u0131\u015f, yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 veya gereksiz yere incitici a\u00e7\u0131klamalarla k\u00f6t\u00fclemek,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kendisi, ticari i\u015fletmesi, i\u015fletme i\u015faretleri, mallar\u0131, i\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, faaliyetleri, fiyatlar\u0131, i\u015f ili\u015fkileri hakk\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulunmak veya ayn\u0131 yollarla \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiyi rekabette \u00f6ne ge\u00e7irmek,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n mallar\u0131, i\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, faaliyetleri veya i\u015fleri ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya yol a\u00e7an \u00f6nlemler almak,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kendisini, mallar\u0131n\u0131, i\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini, faaliyetlerini, fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131, ger\u00e7e\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131, yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131, rakibini gereksiz yere k\u00f6t\u00fcleyici veya gereksiz yere onun tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yararlanacak \u015fekilde; ba\u015fkalar\u0131, mallar\u0131, i\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnleri veya fiyatlar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mallar\u0131n, i\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin veya faaliyetlerin \u00f6zelliklerini, miktar\u0131n\u0131, kullan\u0131m ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, yararlar\u0131n\u0131 veya tehlikelerini gizlemek ve bu \u015fekilde m\u00fc\u015fteriyi yan\u0131ltmak,<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>S\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi ihlale veya sona erdirmeye y\u00f6neltmek;\u00a0<\/b><b>\u00f6zellikle;<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00fc\u015fterilerle kendisinin bizzat s\u00f6zle\u015fme yapabilmesi i\u00e7in, onlar\u0131 ba\u015fkalar\u0131yla yapm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelere ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranmaya y\u00f6neltmek,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin i\u015f\u00e7ilerine, vekillerine ve di\u011fer yard\u0131mc\u0131 ki\u015filerine, hak etmedikleri ve onlar\u0131 i\u015flerinin ifas\u0131nda y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranmaya y\u00f6neltebilecek yararlar sa\u011flayarak veya \u00f6nererek, kendisine veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130\u015f\u00e7ileri, vekilleri veya di\u011fer yard\u0131mc\u0131 ki\u015fileri, i\u015fverenlerinin veya m\u00fcvekkillerinin \u00fcretim ve i\u015f s\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 if\u015fa etmeye veya ele ge\u00e7irmeye y\u00f6neltmek,<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinden yetkisiz yararlanma<\/b><b>; \u00f6zellikle;<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kendisine emanet edilmi\u015f teklif, hesap veya plan gibi bir i\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcnden yetkisiz yararlanmak,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere ait teklif, hesap veya plan gibi bir i\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcnden, bunlar\u0131n kendisine yetkisiz olarak tevdi edilmi\u015f veya sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funun bilinmesi gerekti\u011fi h\u00e2lde, yararlanmak,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kendisinin uygun bir katk\u0131s\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ba\u015fkas\u0131na ait pazarlanmaya haz\u0131r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini teknik \u00e7o\u011faltma y\u00f6ntemleriyle devral\u0131p onlardan yararlanmak.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u00dcretim ve i\u015f s\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak if\u015fa etmek<\/b><b>; \u00f6zellikle,<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gizlice ve izinsiz olarak ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi veya ba\u015fkaca hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi bilgileri ve \u00fcretenin i\u015f s\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendiren veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131na bildiren d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fc\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0130\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131na uymamak<\/b><b>;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00f6zellikle kanun veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle, rakiplere de y\u00fcklenmi\u015f olan veya bir meslek dal\u0131nda veya \u00e7evrede ola\u011fan olan i\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131na uymamak<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>D\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131 kullanmak.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00d6zellikle yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde di\u011fer taraf aleyhine; do\u011frudan veya yorum yoluyla uygulanacak kanuni d\u00fczenlemeden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ayr\u0131lmak, veya<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin niteli\u011fine \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ayk\u0131r\u0131 haklar ve bor\u00e7lar da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren, \u00f6nceden yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fc\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f olarak kabul edilir<\/span><b>.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Haks\u0131z Rekabet ile Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fanlar, Hangi Davalar\u0131 A\u00e7abilir?\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TTK\u2019n\u0131n 56. maddesine g\u00f6re, haks\u0131z rekabet sebebiyle m\u00fc\u015fterileri, kredisi, meslek\u00ee itibar\u0131, ticari faaliyetleri veya di\u011fer ekonomik menfaatleri zarar g\u00f6ren veya b\u00f6yle bir tehlikeyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilecek olan ki\u015fi; haks\u0131z rekabet olu\u015fturan ki\u015fiye kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fu davalar\u0131 a\u00e7abilir:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">fiilin haks\u0131z olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespiti<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">haks\u0131z rekabetin men\u2019i<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">haks\u0131z rekabetin sonucu olan maddi durumun ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, haks\u0131z rekabet yanl\u0131\u015f veya yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 beyanlarla yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa bu beyanlar\u0131n d\u00fczeltilmesini ve tecav\u00fcz\u00fcn \u00f6nlenmesi i\u00e7in ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz ise, haks\u0131z rekabetin i\u015flenmesinde etkili olan ara\u00e7lar\u0131n ve mallar\u0131n imhas\u0131<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,(S\u00f6z konusu dava ile haks\u0131z rekabete yol a\u00e7an fiilin piyasada g\u00f6r\u00fclen b\u00fct\u00fcn olumsuz tesirlerinin g\u00fcndeme getirilmesi gerekir. Ayr\u0131ca bu davan\u0131n bir tazmin niteli\u011fi bulunmamaktad\u0131r.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">haks\u0131z rekabet eylemini i\u015fleyen ki\u015finin kusuru varsa, bu nedenle u\u011fran\u0131lan zarar ve ziyan\u0131n tazmini<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, (Bu davada, davac\u0131 hem haks\u0131z rekabette bulunan\u0131n kusurlu oldu\u011funu, hem kendi u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 maddi zarar\u0131n miktar\u0131n\u0131, hem de haks\u0131z rekabet eylemi ile zarar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki neden-sonu\u00e7 ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat etmelidir.)\u00a0 Zarar\u0131n ispatlanmas\u0131 her zaman kolay olmamaktad\u0131r. Bu sebeple maddi tazminat davas\u0131nda Davac\u0131 lehine tazminat olarak h\u00e2kim, haks\u0131z rekabet sonucunda daval\u0131n\u0131n elde etmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fclen menfaatin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na da karar verebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TBK\u2019n\u0131n 58. maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015fartlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (yani dava a\u00e7an\u0131n ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131 halinde) <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">manevi tazminat verilmesi davas\u0131<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a\u00e7\u0131labilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ekonomik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 zarar g\u00f6ren veya tehlikeye giren m\u00fc\u015fterilerin de bu davalar\u0131 a\u00e7abilece\u011finin kanunda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca yukar\u0131da ilk \u00fc\u00e7 s\u0131rada say\u0131lan davalar Ticaret ve sanayi odalar\u0131, esnaf odalar\u0131, borsalar ve t\u00fcz\u00fcklerine g\u00f6re \u00fcyelerinin ekonomik menfaatlerini korumaya yetkili bulunan di\u011fer meslek\u00ee ve ekonomik birlikler ile t\u00fcz\u00fcklerine g\u00f6re t\u00fcketicilerin ekonomik menfaatlerini koruyan sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131yla kamusal nitelikteki kurumlar taraf\u0131ndan da a\u00e7\u0131labilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Bu Davalar\u0131 A\u00e7mak \u0130\u00e7in Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 S\u00fcresi Ne Kadard\u0131r?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Haks\u0131z rekabet hallerine ili\u015fkin yukar\u0131da say\u0131lan davalar, fiilin \u00f6\u011frenildi\u011fi tarihten itibaren bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde ve herhalde fiilin i\u015flenmesinden itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde a\u00e7\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. TTK m. 60 ayr\u0131ca T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019na at\u0131f yapmak sureti ile fiilin ayn\u0131 zamanda Ceza Kanunu\u2019nda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f bir su\u00e7 olmas\u0131 durumunda daha uzun zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise, bu zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresine tabi olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\nAvukat \u0130rem Soyman Alevok<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ticaret hayat\u0131nda birbirine rakip durumda olan tacirler aras\u0131ndaki veya piyasaya mal &amp; hizmet tedarik edenlerle m\u00fc\u015fteriler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri etkileyen aldat\u0131c\u0131 veya d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar ile ticari uygulamalar T\u00fcrk hukukunda \u201chaks\u0131z rekabet\u201d olarak nitelendirilmekte ve T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu (\u201cTTK\u201d) uyar\u0131nca hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 Tacirlerin \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde kamuoyuna kendi mallar\u0131, hizmetleri, faaliyetleri ya da rakiplerinin faaliyetleri [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42,43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7735","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sirketler-ve-ticaret-hukuku","category-yasal-mevzuata-uyum"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7735"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7735"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7735\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7736,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7735\/revisions\/7736"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7735"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7735"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7735"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}